Telomerase activity refers to the function of telomerase, an enzyme complex that elongates telomeres by adding repetitive DNA sequences. In most somatic cells, telomerase activity is low or absent, leading to progressive telomere shortening with age. In contrast, stem cells, germ cells, and many cancer cells maintain high telomerase activity to support sustained proliferation. Telomerase plays a dual role in aging and disease—while insufficient activity contributes to aging and tissue degeneration, excessive activity is linked to cancer risk. Modulating telomerase activity is an area of active research in regenerative medicine and aging interventions, requiring careful balance between longevity and oncogenic safety.
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