Synaptic aging describes age-associated changes in structure, function, and density of synaptic connections. Synapses are essential for communication between neurons and underlie learning and memory. With aging, synaptic plasticity declines, neurotransmitter release becomes less efficient, and synaptic proteins are altered. Reduced synaptic maintenance leads to weakened neural connectivity and slower information processing. Synaptic aging is influenced by oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic imbalance. Loss of synaptic integrity precedes neuronal loss and is strongly linked to cognitive decline. Understanding synaptic aging emphasizes preservation of synaptic function as a key strategy for maintaining cognitive health during aging.
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