Sex hormone decline describes age-related reduction in estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone levels. These hormones play critical roles beyond reproduction, influencing bone integrity, cardiovascular health, metabolism, brain function, and immune balance. Sex hormone decline accelerates tissue aging by altering anabolic signaling and increasing inflammation. Reduced hormone signaling contributes to osteoporosis, sarcopenia, metabolic dysfunction, and cognitive changes. Sex hormone decline differs between sexes but affects systemic aging in both. Understanding sex hormone decline provides insight into gender-specific aging patterns and informs strategies to preserve functional health.
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