Senescent Cells

Senescent cells are metabolically active cells that have permanently exited the cell cycle in response to damage, stress, or excessive replication. While senescence initially serves protective roles—such as preventing cancer and aiding tissue repair—the accumulation of senescent cells with age becomes harmful. These cells disrupt tissue structure, impair regeneration, and promote chronic inflammation. Senescent cells accumulate due to reduced immune clearance and increased cellular stress during aging. Their presence is linked to multiple age-related conditions, including frailty, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. Research has shown that selective removal of senescent cells can improve tissue function and extend healthspan in experimental models. As a result, senescent cells are considered key drivers of biological aging and prime targets for therapeutic intervention.