Sarcopenia is a progressive age associated condition characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and functional performance. It arises from muscle fiber atrophy, reduced protein synthesis, impaired neuromuscular signaling, and chronic inflammation. Declining anabolic signaling, hormonal changes, and reduced physical activity accelerate muscle deterioration. Sarcopenia increases risk of falls, mobility limitation, disability, and loss of independence. It also affects metabolic regulation by reducing glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity. Sarcopenia is a major contributor to frailty and reduced quality of life in older adults. Early recognition of sarcopenia enables interventions aimed at preserving muscle strength and functional capacity. Understanding sarcopenia is essential for addressing physical decline associated with aging.
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