Replicative senescence occurs when cells permanently stop dividing after reaching a finite number of cell divisions. This process is primarily driven by progressive telomere shortening during repeated DNA replication. Once telomeres become critically short, cells activate DNA damage responses that trigger senescence to preserve genomic stability. Replicative senescence is especially relevant in tissues with high cellular turnover, such as skin, blood, and the gastrointestinal tract. Although it serves as a tumor-suppressive mechanism, replicative senescence contributes to reduced tissue regeneration and functional decline with age. Accumulation of replicatively senescent cells is associated with aging phenotypes and age-related diseases. Understanding replicative senescence is essential for developing strategies to maintain regenerative capacity during aging.
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