Pulmonary aging refers to structural and functional changes in the respiratory system during aging. Aging lungs show reduced elastic recoil, altered airway structure, and diminished respiratory muscle strength. Gas exchange efficiency declines due to changes in alveolar structure and capillary networks. Pulmonary aging reduces ventilatory reserve and exercise tolerance. Increased susceptibility to infection and impaired clearance mechanisms further compromise lung function. Understanding pulmonary aging is essential for preserving respiratory health and functional capacity in older adults.
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