NAD metabolism aging refers to age-associated changes in the synthesis, recycling, and utilization of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a central coenzyme in cellular metabolism. NAD is essential for redox reactions, mitochondrial energy production, DNA repair, and regulation of stress-response enzymes. During aging, NAD metabolism becomes dysregulated due to reduced biosynthesis, increased consumption by repair enzymes, and chronic cellular stress. This imbalance compromises metabolic efficiency, impairs mitochondrial function, and weakens cellular maintenance systems. NAD metabolism aging affects multiple tissues, including muscle, brain, and immune cells, contributing to systemic functional decline. Understanding NAD metabolism aging provides insight into how metabolic failure accelerates biological aging and highlights metabolic restoration as a key strategy for promoting healthspan.
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