Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging affects the production of blood and immune cells throughout life. Aged HSCs show reduced self-renewal, impaired regenerative capacity, and altered lineage commitment. Aging skews HSC differentiation toward myeloid lineages, contributing to immunosenescence and chronic inflammation. Accumulated DNA damage and epigenetic changes compromise HSC function and increase the risk of hematological disorders. HSC aging plays a central role in declining immune competence and reduced resilience to infection in older individuals. Understanding HSC aging is critical for improving immune health and hematopoietic function during aging.
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