Gut microbiome aging refers to age-related changes in the composition, diversity, and function of intestinal microbial communities. With aging, beneficial microbial diversity often decreases, while pro-inflammatory and opportunistic species become more prevalent. These shifts alter nutrient metabolism, immune regulation, and gut barrier integrity. Gut microbiome aging influences systemic inflammation, metabolic health, and cognitive function. Reduced microbial resilience increases vulnerability to infection and metabolic dysfunction. Age-associated changes in diet, immunity, and gastrointestinal physiology contribute to microbiome alterations. Gut microbiome aging reflects bidirectional interactions between host aging biology and microbial ecosystems. Understanding these changes highlights the microbiome as a key modulator of healthspan and aging trajectories.
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