Biomarkers of Aging

Biomarkers of aging are measurable biological indicators that reflect the functional state of aging more accurately than chronological age. They capture molecular, cellular, physiological, and functional changes associated with aging and age-related disease risk. Common biomarkers include DNA methylation patterns, telomere length, inflammatory markers, metabolic profiles, proteomic signatures, and physical performance metrics such as grip strength and gait speed. Effective aging biomarkers should be predictive, reproducible, minimally invasive, and responsive to interventions. They are essential tools for evaluating longevity therapies, monitoring healthspan, and stratifying individuals in clinical and population studies. Advances in multi-omics technologies and artificial intelligence have accelerated biomarker discovery, enabling integrated aging indices. Biomarkers of aging play a critical role in shifting healthcare from disease treatment to early risk prediction, preventive strategies, and personalized aging interventions.