Aging Biology

Aging biology is the scientific study of the biological processes that drive aging and determine lifespan, healthspan, and age-related decline. It integrates molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, and systems biology to understand how organisms change over time. Key areas include cellular damage accumulation, genomic instability, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered intercellular communication. Aging biology also explores conserved pathways such as insulin/IGF signaling, mTOR, AMPK, and sirtuins that regulate longevity across species. By studying model organisms alongside human data, aging biology aims to identify mechanisms that distinguish normal aging from pathological aging. This field is central to developing interventions that delay functional decline, prevent chronic diseases, and promote healthy aging rather than merely extending lifespan.