Title : Towards gerontology of the next-step generation: Healthy ageing through the view of personalized nutrition and precision foodomics towards individualized diet harmony
Abstract:
The human lifespan and quality of life depend on complex interactions among genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In this context, a new systems approach to ageing people, diseased states and wellness result in a new branch in the healthcare services, namely, personalized and precision medicine (PPM). Nevertheless, the understanding of the different responses of people to dietary factors, which is the focus of precision nutrition research, remains incomplete. Meanwhile, individualized diet acts as a molecular modulator of aging, influencing inflammation, the microbiome, and systemic resilience. Biological age markers and AI-powered multi-OMICS reveal actionable dietary targets, including food-derived signals. The lack of reliable dietary assessment methods constitutes a significant challenge in nutrition research, especially in elderly populations. In this sense, PPM-driven personalized nutrition (PN) approaches provide healthy eating advice tailored to the nutritional needs of the individual, whilst maintaining health stability in the individuals. In this context, metabolomics & genomics (along with the other OMICS technologies) proved to be valuable tools for the measurement of biochemical changes related to diet. It is also, highly, promising in identification of nutritional biomarkers to monitor nutritional intervention studies. The integration of food-derived compounds into a systems biology framework and OMICS data into phenotypic datasets will enhance our knowledge of diet-health relationships and highlight new avenues for PPM-driven geroprevention. Linking such a food-metabolome-based strategy to biological age markers holds strong potential for PPM-guided dietary interventions that act on core aging pathways. In this way, personalized nutrition-related profiling of foods may optimize the individualized diets. Personalized nutrition and precision foodomics are an evolving field rooted in nutrigenomics focusing on metabolic variability not only within the individuals but also between them. It aims to create personalized, tailored dietary plans according to the person’s genetic background, optimizing general health and preventing nutrition-related diseases, and a variety of chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease and even cancer. Personalized nutrition therefore can enhance population and public health allowing effective treatment of some comorbidities based specifically on the individual’s behavior, dietary habits and in conditions demanding precise dietary considerations. So, PPM-driven nutrigenomics and more broadly personalized nutrition are a critical piece in a person’s overall wellness, longevity, and wellbeing.
The latter requires collaboration among clinicians and biodesigners with overlapping expertise areas including stakeholders. This expertise integration is vital to develop the knowledge to establish the evidence-based PPM-based nutrition. This will ultimately allow fine tuning of diet intervention and health monitoring to optimize healthy ageing. The strategic goal of PPM-based nutrition is the design of customized nutritional recommendations to prevent or to treat nutrition-related disorders and to optimize healthy ageing. An individual’s personal integrative nutritional biomarker profile can be combined with the identification of food ingredients to determine that individual’s PPM-based nutrition. Those advances are paving the way for the molecular food design of innovative strategies for the control of chronic diseases.
